An outline of the history of linguistics Essay

†¢ Hindu Tradition o Had its origins in the 1st millennium BC o Stimulated by changes in Sanskrit o Panini (c. 500 BC) is the best known grammarian o Panini’s grammar of Sanskrit covered phonetics and morphology †¢ The Greek Origin o The Greek tradition of linguistics developed in response to Homer’s epics. The Greeks founded the European tradition. o IMPORTANT THEMES IN THE GREEK TRADITION INCLUDE: ? The origin of language ? Classification of words (parts of speech) ? The relation between language and thought ? The relation between two aspects of word-signs (whether form and meaning are connected by nature or by  convention. 1 o Plato (c. 429-347 BC) distinguished between Nouns and Verbs. He favored nature over convention. o Aristotle’s (384-322 BC) main contributions to linguistics are as follows: †¢ He divided words into Nouns, Verbs, and Adjectives. †¢ He divided the sentence into two parts, SUBJECT and PREDICATE. †¢ He classified GENDER into masculine, feminine, and neutral. †¢ He was the first to distinguish between the different types of TENSE a verb carries. o Thrax (100 BC) produced the first complete grammar of Greek. He concluded that Greek words fell into just eight classes, which we call the parts of speech. Thrax’s description of Greek has become the basis of all grammatical description in Europe until the 20th century. 2 †¢ Roman Tradition o After the Roman conquest of Greece in the mid-2nd century BC, Roman scholars learned of the Greek work, and they began to apply the same analysis to their own language, Latin. o One of the most influential Roman grammarians is Priscian, who wrote in the 6th century AD. Priscian’s description of Latin is still what we find in most school textbooks of Latin today. †¢ Arabic Tradition The oldest Arabic grammarian is Abu-Alaswad al-Du’ali, who established diacritical marks and vowels for Arabic in the mid-600s. o The schools of Basra and Kufa in the late 700s. o From the school of Basra, two representatives laid important foundations for the field: Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi authored the first Arabic dictionary and book of Arabic prosody, and his student Sibawayh authored the first book on theories of Arabic grammar. 3 †¢ The Port-Royal Grammar o The 17th-century French scholars, known as the Port-Royal Circle, put together a remarkably original â€Å"universal† grammar of French that is very different from the Priscianic tradition. o The central argument of the Grammar is that grammar is  simply mental processes, which are universal; therefore grammar is universal. o The Port Royal Grammar had a pedagogical goal as its primary one. However, this goal was not learning a specific language, but rather learning any language. It aims to provide an overview of the grammatical features shared by all languages. o As such, it was part of Port Royal’s overall program of changing language teaching methodology 4 o A TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF THEIR ANALYSIS IS AS FOLLOWS: The invisible God created the visible world This sentence is analyzed as†¦ God, who is invisible, created the world, which is visible †¦. Which in turn is decomposed into the three propositions†¦ God is invisible God created the world The world is visible †¢ Historical Linguistics o Towards the end of the 18th century, European linguists began to realize that certain languages exhibited systematic resemblances. Linguists believed that these languages derive from one single ancestor. o For example, the English ‘f’ sound often corresponds to a ‘p’ sound in, among others, Latin and Sanskrit, an important ancient language of India. 5 Franz Bopp Jakob Grimm Rasmus Rask. Were able to show that almost all of the languages of Europe and many languages of Asia were all related. As a result, the study of language change and of the prehistories of languages, called HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS, became the most important way of studying languages. †¢ An example of the kind of systematic correspondence that attracted early attention is shown in the following table. English Latin Greek father Pater Pater Foot Ped- Pod- For Pro Para Six Sex Hexa Seven Septem Hepta Salt Sal Hal New Novus neos 6 THE MOST SIGNIFICANT ACHIEVEMENT OF THE 19TH CENTURY LINGUISTIC SCHOLARSHIP WAS (1) to establish the principles and methods used in setting up language families, and (2) to develop a general theory of language change and linguistic relationship. The 19th century is called the â€Å"golden age of philology†. This program of historical linguistics continues today. Linguists have succeeded in grouping the 5,000 or so languages of the world into a number of language families sharing a common ancestor. The Origins of General Linguistics The modern field of linguistics dates from the beginning of the 19th century. Towards the end of the 19th century, the non-historical study of language structure began to reassert itself. Scholars published important observations about word structure and sound structure in languages. This kind of work we now call GENERAL LINGUISTICS: the study of how languages are put together and how they work. 7 Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1013) In the early years of the 20th century, Saussure began lecturing on general linguistics at the University of Geneva. He died without ever publishing his ideas. In 1916, his students collected and edited their lecture notes in a volume with Saussure’s name on it. Saussure defined Language as a ‘system of distinct signs corresponding to distinct ideas’. He insisted that a language system can be separated from the complexities of speech and studied on its own. Before Saussure, most linguists perceived a language as primarily a collection of objects, such as speech sounds, words and grammatical endings. Saussure argued instead that a language is a structured system of elements, in which the place of each element is defined chiefly by how it relates to other elements. This approach is called STRUCTURALISM. †¢ Words are signs, and in linguistics we are studying the science of signs: semiology. And signs took on a value depending on words adjacent in use or meaning. English has sheep and mutton but French has only mouton for both uses. †¢ Langue (French, meaning â€Å"language†) and parole (meaning â€Å"speech†) are linguistic terms distinguished by Saussure. Langue encompasses the abstract, systematic rules and conventions of a signifying system. 8 Langue involves the principles of language, without which no meaningful utterance, â€Å"parole†, would be possible. †¢ Parole refers to the concrete instances of the use of langue. This is the individual, personal phenomenon of language as a series of speech acts made by a linguistic subject. Saussure did not concern himself overly with parole; however, the structure of langue is revealed through the study of parole. †¢ A further aspect of Saussure’s work is an emphasis upon two different approaches to the study of language: a synchronic approach, in which we focus on the structure of a language at a particular moment in time (not necessarily the present), and a diachronic approach, in which we look at the development of a language over time. The Prague Circle After the 1st World War (1926), a number of East European linguists congregated in the Czech city of Prague. They developed structuralist ideas. Their primary interest was phonological theory. They also made contributions to syntax. †¢ Trubetzkoy (1890-1938) introduced the notion of phoneme and opposition. An example of his analysis of phonology is the way the 9 word caught is pronounced. This word is pronounced the same in American and Canadian accents. However, in most American accents, caught is pronounced differently from cot, while in Canadian accents caught and cot are pronounced identically. †¢ Jakobson (1896 – 1982) is a pioneer of the structural analysis of language. He developed techniques for the analysis of sound systems in languages (phonology). He applied these techniques to syntax, morphology, and semantics. He distinguished between phonology and phonetics. Jakobson defined semiotics as ‘the general science of signs, which has as its basic discipline linguistics, the science of verbal signs’. Linguistics provides the model of analyzing language as a structured system that â€Å" produces meanings†. Semiotics attempts to extend this approach to other non-linguistic systems, that is, to every aspect of social experience that can be analyzed as structured systems of signs (e.g. , traffic systems and architecture). 10 The Origins of American Linguistics Franz Boas (1858-1942) is an anthropologist and a pioneer of modern anthropology who has been called the â€Å"Father of American Anthropology†. Boas worked to demonstrate that differences in human behavior was primarily not determined by innate biological dispositions, but was largely the result of cultural differences acquired through social learning. In this way Boas introduced culture as the primary concept for describing behavioral differences in behavior between human groups, and as the central analytical concept of anthropology. He studied the dying cultures of Native Americans and realized that good investigation of these cultures required knowledge of their languages. Edward Sapir (1884 -1939) is also an anthropologist. He was Boas’s most famous student. He studied the ways in which language and culture influence each other, and he was interested in the relation between linguistic differences, and differences in cultural world views (e. g. , whom and who). 11 The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897 – 1941) is Sapir’s best-known student. He pursued his teacher’s interests and produced a number of studies of native American and Canadian languages. He argues that the structure of our language must, to some extent, determine the way we perceive the world. This idea is called â€Å"the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis† or â€Å" The Linguistic Relativity†. †¢ The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis states that there are certain thoughts of an individual in one language that cannot be understood by those who live in another language. †¢ The hypothesis states that the way people think is strongly affected by their native languages. For example, (1) the number and type of the basic color words of a language determine how a subject sees the rainbow (how we see camels). Example (2): the Navaho language of Arizona is rich in words for talking about lines of various shapes and colors. Among the hundred or so words available for this purpose are: Adziisgai ‘ a group of parallel white lines running off into the distance’. 12 (3). Navaho place names are geometrical in nature. For example, a certain striking rock formation in Arizona is called Navaho Tse Ahe ii aha Tse Ahe ii aha means â€Å"TWO ROCKS STANDING VERTICALLY PARALLEL IN A VERTICAL RELATIONSHIP TO EACH OTHER†. English speakers see objects resembling other objects.. They call these rocks â€Å"elephant’s feet†. A pioneer of American Structuralism Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949) is another linguist who turned American linguistics somewhat away from its anthropological and cultural connections toward a more focused concentration on language structure in its own right. 13 He showed that the techniques of historical linguistics (already applied so successfully to European and Asian languages) could be applied with equal success to native (North) American languages. Bloomfield’s primary concern was to establish linguistics as a science. But he became best known for his 1933 textbook in which he presented a carefully articulated approach to the structuralist analysis of languages, far more explicit and detailed that Saussure’s analysis had been ( e. g. , gender in an Algonquian language ‘raspberry and knee= animate, while strawberry and elbow=inanimate). Bloomfield was influenced by behaviorist psychology. He denied the relevance of â€Å"mind†; that is , he opposed the mentalism that had characterized the American linguistics of Boas, Sapir, and their students. Chomsky’s Generative Grammar Noam Chomsky is the world’s most influential linguist. Chomsky introduced his generative ideas in a brief 1957 book, Syntactic Structures. 14 What is generative grammar? A generative grammar of a language attempts to give a set of rules that will correctly predict which combinations of words will form grammatical sentences. Generative grammar is a FORMAL grammar. It is explicit about what is compatible with it. Some rules of forming English sentences (phrase-structure rules): 1. S? NP VP 2. NP? Det N’ 3. N’? N 5. VP? V NP Possible noun phrases: the little girl my cat Possible verb phrases: hugged her dolly claws the sofa These rules are designed to stipulate exactly what can and cannot be a sentence of English. For example, the allow things like The little girl hugged her dolly and my cat claws the sofa But they do not allow things like *Little the girl her dolly hugged. 15 1. Colorless green ideas sleep furiously 2. *Furiously sleep ideas green colorless. Sentence (1) is perfectly grammatical because we know which category to put each word in the sentence (noun, verb, adjective, adverb). adj adj N V adv Colorless green ideas sleep furiously. We understand how to group these into subject and predicate: adj adj N. [Colorless green ideas ] subject V adv [ sleep furiously]. predicate And we know that â€Å"colorless green ideas† are directly related to â€Å"sleep†, connecting the subject and predicate. Because we know how to logically group parts of speech, we know that adv V N adj adj Furiously sleep ideas green colorless. is not a grammatical (ungrammatical/ ill-formed) sentence, simply because we cannot group these same words in a different order at all logically. Chomsky effectively proved that we have a built-in awareness of grammaticality, because we can explain why â€Å"colorless green ideas sleep furiously† is  acceptable and â€Å"furiously sleep ideas green colorless† is unacceptable. 16 Many of the properties of a generative grammar arise from an â€Å"innate† universal grammar. Transformational Grammar (TG) TG is a much more powerful kind of Generative Grammar. Chomsky rejected phrase-structure grammar because it is too simple to capture important facts about language (context-free). For example, to convert The police arrested John into John was arrested by the police A single transformational rule does all of the following: Move the police to the end of the sentence. Insert by before the police. Move John to the beginning of the sentence. Insert be before the verb arrested. Add tense-marking to convert be to was. Change the past tense arrested to the participle arrested. 17 Generative grammar shifted the focus of language study from behavior to state of the mind (behaviorism to cognition). The central concern becomes the knowledge of language: its nature, origins, and use. The three basic questions that arise, then are these: 1. What constitutes knowledge of language? 2. How is knowledge of language acquired? 3. How is knowledge of language put to use?

How You Plan to Collect Data on Customers Essay

How you plan to collect data on customers, competitors and the market environment and why you think this will be useful. How do you propose to use this market research to understand the behaviour of customers, competitors and the market environment? Market research is a crucial factor to do for any organisation in order to make their business successful. In the case of STUDENTAL, it is a new product from Sainsbury’s. Therefore, Sainsbury’s have to do all the market research on customers, competitors and on market environment in point of fact. For this task, I have to collect data on customers, competitors and the market environment. To collect data on customers I am going to prepare some questionnaires and ask Customers questions regarding STUDENTAL. This will help me to get the true analysis from customers straight away. This will be more accurate than information collecting from other sources like internet and magazine. I have included a variety of questions to the questionnaire and I am sure that this will help me in understanding behaviour of customers towards energy drinks. In addition, I am also going to observe customers by going in to Sainsbury’s and other supermarkets. I will observe their buying attitudes towards energy drinks. This will help me to make suggestions to the future developments of STUDENTAL. Through observing and asking questions to customers, we will be able to analyse their likes, dislikes and attitudes towards energy drinks. We will able to apply this information to the STUDENTAL. To collect data on competitors, I am going to do a research on internet. There are many competitors for STUDENTAL. This includes the bigger brands like, Lucozade, Red Bull, Boost and Power Ade. I will check for the price and product descriptions of the competing products. Through this, we will be able to understand the similarities and non-similarities of STUDENTAL and other products. Internet research will be useful to identify similar drinks sold by ASDA and Tesco. This will help Sainsbury’s to make any further changes to the product to compete effectively with other supermarkets. Another useful method of collecting information on competitors will be doing a SWOT analysis, Boston Matrix and Product Life Cycle. SWOT analysis will be able to find out STUDENTAL’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. With the help of Boston Matrix, we will be able to understand and recognize the competing brands. To collect data on market environment, I am going to do a research on the packaging of STUDENTAL’s competitors. Using a PESTE-G will also help to find the necessary information on market environment. PESTE-G focuses on Political, Economical, Social, Technological and Green Issues. By doing a PESTE-G analysis, I will be able to understand all the external issues, which affects STUDENTAL and Sainsbury’s. The questionnaire used for collecting information from customers is attached and results obtained will be presented in the form of pie charts and bar charts as appropriate. Questionnaire – STUDENTAL Please tick one box for each question. 1. Your GenderMale Female 2. Age groupUnder 16 16 – 19 20 – 25 20 – 25 25 – 40 40 & over 3. Where did you first hear about STUDENTAL? In store From friends Advertisements On TV 4. How would you describe the taste of your favourite energy drink? Bitter Sweet Bitter & Sweet Bland 5. Which of the following drink do you buy? LucozadeRed bull Powerade Other 6. From where do you buy energy drinks? Supermarkets Sports shop Gym/fitness club Other 7. What price (per litre) do you think would be right for STUDENTAL? Under  £1.00 £1.00 –  £1.30  £1.30 –  £2.00 £3.00 and over 8. What price do you usually pay for these†¦. Lucozade ______Coca-cola _______ Redbull ______ Boost _______ Don’t know _______ 9. What kind of drink do you think the STUDENTAL is? Energy drink Health Drink Social drinkChildren’s drink 10. If you bought STUDENTAL, would the packaging be important to you? YesNo 11. Does it matter if the packaging is recyclable? YesNo 12. How often do you drink energy drinks? DailyTwice a week Once a weekmonthly 13. When do you drink energy drink? MorningWith Lunch When Excising When working Thank you for filling out this questionnaire – Sebil To get the data on customers, I have asked customers 13 questions. To make it more effective, I asked questions to a both Males and Females. I also made sure to ask the questions to a mixture of people from different age groups. 1. Firstly, the question was about surveyed people’s gender. I asked the questions to 25 people. It included 15 Males and 10 Females. This indicates that people from both gender groups have been engaged in this survey. The above charts shows that 40% of total participants were Females and 60% of them were Males. 2. The second question was about the surveyed people’s Age Group. There was a mixture of people from different age groups. However, a large percentage of people were from the 16-19 age group. I think this will help Sainsbury’s, as STUDENTAL’s direct target market is peoples from 16-19. The above chart represents the age group of the people who participated in the survey. 16% of total participants were under 16. There were 54% of people from 16-19 age group. 22% of total participants were between 20-35 age. 8% of them were above 40 years old. This indicates that a mixture of people from all age groups participated in this survey. This will definitely help Sainsbury’s in the case of market research. 3. I asked the people about STUDENTAL after the second question. I asked them, where did you first hear about STUDENTAL? This question was to check whether they know about the product already or not. 80% of surveyed people said that they heard about the product from their friends. 20% of them said, from store. 4. How would you the taste of your favourite energy drink? This question was to understand people’s favourite taste. From the chart above, we can we clearly see that about 30% of people like bitter taste, 40% of them like sweet, 20% of them like bitter and sweet and finally, 10% of them like bland taste. Sainsbury’s may make STUDENTAL’s taste bitter or sweet as from the chart we can understand that most of the people like sweet and bitter taste 5. Which of the following drink do you buy? This question asked to find out the popular brand among the public. In addition, when STUDENTAL will be launched that popular brand will be the main competitor with STUDENTAL. The chart above represents the participators’ favourite energy drink. 30% of total participants like Red Bull Energy Drinks while 40% of th`em said that they like Lucozade. 6. From where do you buy energy drinks? This question was asked to know the place from customers buy energy drinks. About half of the people are buying their energy drinks from supermarkets. This is a very good signal for Sainsbury’s as they are going to sell STUDNTAL at their stores. 7. What price (per litre) do you think would be right for STUDENTAL? This question was asked to find out how much money people would spend on STUDENTAL when it is available in supermarkets. 40% of total participants thinks that STUDENTAL’s price will well be right if it is under  £1.00. Another 40% thinks that the price will be right if it is between  £1.00 and  £1.30. This indicates that the current price of STUDENTAL is high and there will be only very few customers who are willing to buy STUDENTAL at a cost of  £13.9/litre. 8. What price do you usually pay for energy drinks? This question will help to find out the people’s buying behaviour. The above chart shows that how much money they are spending on energy drinks. 44% of them are spending  £1.00 to  £1.50 for energy drinks. 36% of them are only prepared to spend less than  £1.00. As the chart indicates, people are not willing to buy energy drinks for higher prices. Therefore, Sainsbury’s must have to adjust the price accordingly. 9. What kind of drink do you think the STUDENTAL is? The above chart shows the answers for the question, what kind of drink do you think the STUDENTAL is? Most of the people do not know that STUDENTAL is an energy drink. I think this is due to the name STUDENTAL. It does not have the power to represent an energy drink. 10. If you bought STUDENTAL, would the packaging be important to you? This was one of the important questions asked to the participants. 90% of them said that they do care about the packaging of STUDENTAL. 11. Does it matter if the packaging is recyclable? This was another important question included in the questionnaire. 70% of participants said that they do care about the packaging and they want it to be recyclable. 12. How often do you drink energy drinks? The above chart shows that 10% of total participants consume energy drinks daily, 30% of them consume it twice in a week, 40% of them consume it weekly and 20% of them consume energy drinks monthly.

Reduse Usage of Plastic Bags

Plastic bags are not biodegradable, so they get littered onto a wasteland which causes soil erosion causing damage and harm to the trees. If plastic bags are burnt, they emit hazardous gases causing air pollution which causes damage on the ozone layer. The Plastic can be reduced by u not using lots of plastic and use things in yr homes then going to buy a plastic bottle from the shop. Plastic bags are made out of non-biodegradable substance. (not organic)Because they are durable they do not rot. Scientist believe that it would take up to 1,000 years to break down. In that time plastic bags separate into smaller toxic particles that contaminates the soil and even waterways. Even if we try to burn them, it pollutes the atmosphere Each year, an estimated 500 billion to 1 trillion plastic bags are made worldwide. That means that 1 million plastic bags are made each minute, but then billions end up as litter each year. Making plastic bags can lead to exhaustion of oil, because to make a lot of plastic bags, we need a lot of oil. If we reduce oil we could save much more oil. You can actually drive about 460 meters with the oil which is used for only one plastic bag. Plastic bags even kill a lot of marine animals. Plastic bags gets blown into the ocean and floats around like a jelly-fish. A lot of sea-creatures choke and die for mistaking them as their food. Each year, thousands of sea turtles choke on plastic bags after mistaking them for jellyfish, their favourite food. Even other sea critters like sea lions and dolphins have also been found with their stomachs filled with plastic bags! GOVERNMENT SHOULD BAN PLASTIC BAG The society's consumption rate is now estimated over 500,000,000,000 plastic bags annually. The Malaysian Federal Government is considering banning plastic bag for environmental reason. There are some big company have take the challenge to make â€Å"say no to plastic bag† campaign such as IKEA, AEON and Factory Outlet Store (F. O. S). There are many drawbacks of the use of plastic bags. In some other countries, there are proposals to charge for the use of plastic bags. The objective of this paper is to educate shoppers to use reusable bags instead of plastic bags whenever possible. In the other hand, many people think it would be nuisance because there are so many practical uses for plastic bags. The United States Environmental Protection says paper bags are worse for the environment than plastic. Plastic bags require much less energy to manufacture and recycle because of this plastic generates less greenhouse gas. Plastic bags cause less air and water pollution. They compress to a small size in landfills. Nevertheless, this paper is to agree that government should ban plastic bags because of several factors which are environment, economy and health. Firstly, the idea of banning plastic bags and use reusable bag is good for the environment. In the other hand, many people think it would be ineffective because, according to Hilary Chiew (Chiew, 2009) in article high usage from Startwo’s newspapers, paper degrade at a slower rate compared to plastic in a landfill. In modern landfills nothing completely degrades due to the lack of water, light and oxygen. University of Arizona have done a research on paper, paper does not degrade even in 3 decades. So, paper takes up more space than plastic in landfill. While according to Abu Bakar Yang (Bakar, 2009) in article â€Å"Ancaman plastik dan botol plastik† about 100,000 of marine animals like†¦

3 Activity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3 Activity - Assignment Example tists, research performed by doctors to alleviate suffering and pain not forgetting the sacrifices made by people everywhere to make human life better. Secondly, Craig believes that if truly God is inexistent, then people have to lead a hopeless life since there is no hope of liberation from the failures of our predetermined existence (Chaffee, 2013). A good example of such a scenario is a lack of hope of redemption from evil befalling us on earth. Moreover, in case God never exists, then people should lose hope on being redeemed from diseases, aging, and even death. Atheism, therefore, constitutes a philosophy lacking hope. Finally, Craig asserts that if truly God exists, then a person comes to understand God personally in addition to His love. Such a belief makes a life changing difference in the believer. In the reasons above, Craig admits that they do not ascertain the existence of God but shows a huge difference whether God is in existence. Therefore, he advances various reasons to prove that God exists. First, Craig asserts that the existence of God creates a sense of the foundation of the universe. The question about the origin of the universe has been controversial (Chaffee, 2013). According to atheist, universe is eternal. Thus, the reasoning of the atheist is unreasonable since if truly the universe lacked a beginning, therefore, past events within the history of the universe are infinite. The infinite is not a reality since it never exists in nature and offers a legitimate reason for rational thought. However, past events are never ideas but are real, and this confirms that the past events are finite. Therefore, the cycles of past events cannot go back forever and therefore the universe at one time began to exist. The discoveries in the fields of astrophysics, science, and astronomy prove that the universe began to exist approximately 13 billion years ago through the Big Bang theory (Chaffee, 2013). The theory makes atheist believe that the universe

The Role of the Student in Higher Education Essay

The Role of the Student in Higher Education - Essay Example The Gibbs reflection model seeks to understand the feelings that were experienced, and also allows for the evaluation of an incident in terms of what was bad or good about it (Wilding 2008). The Gibbs model also includes an analysis of the critical nursing situation and then the suggestion of an action plan that will deal with the issue if it should arise again (Curzon 2003). According to (Hinchiff 2004), reflection is particularly important for student nurses because they work in environments in which they have to perform numerous tasks almost without thinking about them previously. Being compelled to work swiftly among emotionally and physically wounded people can affect the student nurses. Engaging in reflective practices allow for the student nurses to be able to deal with the reality of being exposed to human anxieties and needs on a daily basis (Watson 2008). This is important because nurses will not be able to function well if they are stressed from being forced to deal with p eople when they are most vulnerable. Reflection allows for student nurses to be able to develop self-awareness among other interpersonal skills that make them more effective in their nursing duties (NMC 2011). Reflection also helps student nurses to be able to understand ways in which they can better improve their services to their patients (Stuart 2007). For student nurses, reflection thus changes a situation which previously may have been filled with doubt, anxiety, and conflict into being one which is manageable (Price 2004). Description: In considering the situation that he or she is in, the student nurse is able to consider the ways in which she can approach her patients or even plan on studying patterns. Feelings: The student nurse is able to reflect on positive or negative feelings that he or she may be experiencing in regards to the studying practices that he or she has adopted or even regards to patients assigned. The student nurse can then make decisions based on that asse ssment in order to rectify the situation or at least make it manageable (Johns and Freshwater 2005). Evaluation: once the student nurse understands the feelings that he or she has in regards to definite situations, he or she will be in a better position to make decisions on how to solve or amend the situation so that it is more manageable. Analysis: After making an evaluation and deciding about the best way in which to progress, the student nurse is then able to make the decision about the existing situation(s). Different student nurses use Gibb’s reflective model in different ways to ease their studies as well as responsibilities within medical facilities (Johns and Freshwater 2005). Many student nurses make use of journals in which they make entries detailing the situations they are working with and how they feel and plan to manage them. This also helps the student nurses in their learning experiences. For example, if a student nurse comes across a new medical procedure or fairly rare disease, she can record her own feelings about the first time that she saw it and her gut reactions about what caused it. She will then, after writing about her own first feelings about it, can add what she discovered about it on consulting a textbook.

Warehouse Group (Strategic Marketing Management ) Assignment

Warehouse Group (Strategic Marketing Management ) - Assignment Example Businesses are consistently faced by dynamism in their operations as they trot towards the envisioned aims and objectives. This therefore calls for substantive strategies that are aimed at restoring the business to its path as well as facing the challenges head on to guarantee continued life and the eventual financial health. The same will see strategies that are market driven that present a strong foundation upon which a business gains a strong standing in its activities. In respect to this, any business foreseeing triumph ought to craft such dimension so as to remain relevant and consistent to the ever changing nature of business environments. By so doing, a firm embraces various strategic perspectives including competition, branding and innovation alongside other aspects that improve the well being of an organization. 2.0 Background information and current situation Operating in New Zealand, The Warehouse Group Limited was established in 1982 and is today rated the biggest retaile r sharing similar characteristics with Walmart located in the USA. It is also listed in the New Zealand Stock Exchange where shares are publicly traded. Nevertheless, The Warehouse majors with more operations than those exhibited by department or discount stores with increased capacity and volume of business. Since its inception The Warehouse has grown tremendously increasing its presence in New Zealand to 83 stores by 2012. It is during this time that a decision to be involved in an acquisition was hatched to increase production and reach more markets for growth and success. The actual business of the Warehouse revolves around grocery as well as non grocery products, an activity that is undertaken broadly in its department store with a workforce slightly exceeding seven thousand employees (Gunter & Mark, 2005). Moreover, there are additional distribution stores that purpose to augment as well as broaden the market reach thus increasing the geographical coverage. The Warehouse also boasts with a number of brand names that are situated around the stores that adds up to its other operations. The presence of gardening facilities also increases the value of business more so in Auckland and Christchurch areas where the Warehouse offers its just brand alongside other brands owned totaling to almost thirty (Krishna, 2007). The Warehouse doesn’t operate in isolation and it’s never a monopoly. It operates in a highly competitive business enviroment since there are other players in the industry who are also aiming at capturing a larger share of the market and also remain relevant. The retail platform is shared by Super Cheap Auto who trade in products related to automobiles, Farmers having department stores across the country dealing with lowscale end of the market, Kmart and Briscoes Group who basically major in homeware and sportsware. Notably, the industry is still attractive to venture in hence there are other potential players who have the urge to sha re in this cake. Subject to time therefore, these players will find their way into this market hence would pose extra competition to Warehouse. With a view to

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Globalization - Essay Example It has been argued that everything that man does and lives for in this world is all rounded to IT. In his essay â€Å"Civilization and its discontents† Sigmund Freud affirms this by reckoning that â€Å"it is simply the pleasure principle which draws up the program of life’s purpose.† A four hour track of my communications and interactions with technology As stated in the introduction above, technology is almost inevitable in our day to day activities. The following table is a distribution of my activities from the time I wake up in the morning to noon. Both the four hours are spent within the world of Information and Technology. Time Activity 8.00 - 8.30 AM Respond to Emails 8.30 - 9.00 AM Watch the morning news while taking breakfast 9.00 - 10.00 AM Attend the gym on my TV via recorded instructions 10.00 – 12.00 PM Went to the studio to record my demo. My daily activities start from eight in the morning as I sleep late from my night shift job. My first i nteraction with technology involves reading and responding to E-mails. This activity takes place between 8.00 AM to 8.30 PM. Being an online student, my lecturers send me reading materials and assignments online. This has made it possible for me to communicate with my lecturer at school and deliver my homework on time. Also, I use the internet to communicate with my fellow students and share information. If possible, we hold a group discussion via Skype every Wednesday. On my side, I can say that the availability of Information Technology has made it possible for easy conveyance of information. My next thirty minutes of the hour are spent taking breakfast while watching the morning news. After breakfast, I go to the gym on my television for one hour from 9.00 AM to 10.00AM. Since I do not have enough time to visit the gym in my locality, I use recorded instructions stored in a compact disc (DVD). This has helped me a lot in keeping in shape even regardless of my tight schedule. Agai n, this makes inevitable for me not to use Information Technology in my life. My next two hours (10.00 AM to 12.00 PM) of the morning are spent in the studio. This is where I go to do reviews and recordings of my upcoming school project. The presentation is supposed to be done in the next week, so I have to be well prepared and ready for the presentation. According to my own life experiences and requirements, I feel that I cannot survive without technology. This is because technology is the backbone of modern communication and makes our day to day operations much easier. Part two Nowadays to stay away from technology has become a very hard thing to do, almost impossible to do. Coincidentally, just a week ago, me and my colleagues were trying to evaluate how it could be to live a world with no technology. We all came to the conclusion that in the world of today it’s impossible to separate technology from our lives. However, we also noted that there are some instances where we can operate efficiently without technology. Following the discussion with my peers, I decided to put myself in to test by staying away from technology for one hour. This one hour was during my lunch time break. As usual, during my lunch hour break, I attended a prayer session at the prayer hall right next to my school.

Born to Dance-Ballet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Born to Dance-Ballet - Essay Example Mr. Carreno won the 1987 New_York International Ballet_Competition and the International_Ballet Competion’s Grand Prix contest. In terms of dance uniqueness and high_point, Carreno mastered the classical ballet dance style. The style includes pas de_bourree, pas couru, and coupe movements. The style incorporates the pieds and echappe jumps. The dance style includes both croisee and efface body_poses (Vaganova, Basic Principles of Classical Ballet). In 2004, Carreno received the prominent Dance_Magazine Award (Roca 187). At 43 years of age, Carreno retired from the American_Ballet Company during 2011(Sulcas 1). In terms of big events performed, Carreno was the principal classical ballet_dancer during the 1990’s prestigious English_National Ballet theatre, the Royal_Ballet theatre during 1993, and the American_Ballet theatre from 1995 until 2011 (Singer 1). Carreno was the principal dancer in the Diana and Action without a shirt (Fuhrer 1). Xiamara Reyes played the leading Ballerina in the dance routine (Sulcas, Theater Pulls out the Showstoppers 1). In terms of biography, Carreno is Cuba’s top ballet dancer, coming from a family of ballet enthusiast. After seriously taking up education at the Cuban_National Ballet_School, Carreno won the Gold_Medal award in the New York Ballet_competition (1987 and the Gran_Prix award in the Jackson,_Mississippi International_Ballet Contest (Singer 1). In terms of what made Corella important, Spain’s Angel_Corella is one of the best ballet dancers of his time. Corella received countless awards for his excellent delivery of the ballet steps. Corella won the Concours International_de Danse de_Danse de Paris as well as the Gold Medal. The two awards led to Corella’s acceptance into the American Ballet Theatre (Jacobs 1). As to high point, Corella became a welcome artist in several prestigious ballet entities. The ballet

Wealth distribution in the PRC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wealth distribution in the PRC - Essay Example This meant that there was no competition in the production process. Government ownership of land also led to inefficient production which led to waste of resources. The last one is the economic collapse of 1970s and 1980s which caused economic decline that previously acted as a way of distributing wealth. Unequal wealth distribution is the situation where the gap between the rich and the poor is reasonably large. The World Bank defines poverty as spending less than one dollar per day. This is a situation which is common with most people who are affected by unequal wealth distribution. In china, unequal wealth distribution has caused a number of negative factors in education, housing, transportation, employment, and human rights (Wang 43). Unequal wealth distribution means that the children of the poor parents cannot get a decent education. They thus turn to government school which are often crowded. In these schools, the government is not able to supply enough classes, teachers, and other infrastructure that are needed for a good learning environment. Public schools are also associated with adverse ratios all facilities which mean the children will not get the necessary skills needed to compete in the world. Therefore, the child will end up failing examinations and thus not proceed to the next level of education. At the end of the day, the child is left without education and thus end up poor as his or her parents. Lack of education will then drive the child to do other ill activities such as crime and drug abuse (Gollier 19). The poor are often said to be living in informal settlement in most countries of the world. This is because they cannot afford the necessary material to put up a decent house. They also have no land where they can practice farming and put a decent house. They thus migrate to the urban centres to search for informal jobs. In urban centres, a decent house is very expensive which the poor cannot afford (Zhong et al 25). They

International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business Essay - 1

International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business - Essay Example Likewise, workers are also protected against discrimination (based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, or age), harassment, unhealthy/ hazardous working environments, and unfair dismissal. With these rights, come also the responsibilities of the employee. Aside from arriving at work on time and dressing appropriately (which includes wearing suitable safety equipment if required), employees are also expected to show respect to the employer, colleagues and customers, take care of the company’s property, follow reasonable and lawful orders, obey safety rules and not discriminate or harass other people in the workplace. If these obligations are not met by employees, then their employer also has the right to dismiss their employment (Steingold, 2009). On the other hand, the working hours in the US are considerably shorter than in the UK and the rest of the member nation-states of the European Union. It has been noted that the European Working Time Directive sets the maximum length of working week to 48 hours, and a minimum rest period of eleven hours each day. Although the policy applies to all members, in the UK it is still possible to exceed this limit provided that it is the employee who opts for such a condition (Cressey & Jones, 1995). In France, a recent legislation limits the working week to only 35 hours (but options are still available for those who want to exceed). While in the US, the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 allowed for 44-hour work week, which was later reduced to a 40-hour standard in 1950. Despite this law, majority of the American workforce still work more than 40 hours in a week due to the lines of work they have (Mishel, Bernstein, & Boushe, 2003). Challenges in Filing a Formal Complaint If Mary decides to file a formal complaint against her employer on the basis of her somehow ‘insignificant’ situation in the company, then she will face the hardships of proving her case successfully. The burden o f proof is upon her and she needs to provide evidence to back her claims. Although Mary is relived by the fact that the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 guarantees fair treatment towards employees and that violation against this charter is punishable by law, she is still required to substantiate that she is treated in an unfair manner by the management and by her colleague for that matter. Furthermore, Mary needs to prove that the workplace has become a hostile environment for her. In legal terms, a hostile work environment is primarily one of the reasons an employee cannot reasonably perform his or her duties and responsibilities. This is due to certain behaviors by management or co-workers that are considered ‘hostile.’ Nevertheless, the said term is still subject to much debate and substantiation (Cihon & Castagnera, 2008). A boss being rude, one who yells and purposefully annoys is a qualified ground for a hostile work environment -- cause for severe physical st ress and mental anguish on the part of the employee. Certainly, acts of lasciviousness and other forms of sexual harassment are always deemed constituents of a hostile environment. Yet, for Mary’s case these did not occur. She was not discriminated and she was in no way attempted to be

Judges, independence and the Power of Common Law Essay

Judges, independence and the Power of Common Law - Essay Example flict since this can be used by officials as a mechanism for imposing their own perspective and making it a matter of judicial policy (Ferejohn, 1999). The common conception of judiciary officials being independent refers to their ability to take action and make judicial rulings with impunity, but judges are, in fact, institutionally dependent on Congress and the president for jurisdictional rulings and carrying out of judicial orders (Ferejohn, 1999). In essence, the dependence of judicial accord on the outer machinations of the greater body of governance implements a system of checks and balances into the legislative form intended to disallow abuse of power; however, the positive functioning of JI is powered by the public belief in the efficacy of the system and its ability to mete out justice accordingly. Economic Effect of JI The strength of JI is based on the public opinions of the citizens served by the official legislative body. In this respect, JI refers to the state’s ability to protect the rights and property of the people from others, including the government (Feld & Voigt, 2003). In this respect, the relevancies of de iure and de facto JI must be examined to evaluate their impact on the economic structure and overall stability of the country (Feld & Voigt, 2003). Essentially, de iure represents the letter of the law while de facto deals with how the judge has affected the law during his/her tenure and the actual collective experiences of the country (Feld & Voigt, 2003). Where de iure has been determined to have no impact on a country’s actual financial functionality, as determined through measure of the GDP growth, de facto JI positively influences the financial aspects of a country’s growth (Feld & Voigt, 2003). Summarily, the independence exhibited... This essay focuses on interconnection between judges and the concepts of the Judicial Independence and the power of Common Law. In the upholding of public laws and statutes, each nation has sovereignty, endorsed by the United Nations, which allows judiciary officials to preside over legal matters in the interest of maintaining peace and order. Such judicial independence (JI) has bearings on numerous aspects that affect the functionality of a country, such as their economic structure, conflict resolution, and allocation of correctional measures when laws have been broken. Although some judicial tribunals are dependently selected to preside over certain matters and others are independently selected to serve for a specified amount of time, both mechanisms essentially serve the same purpose, which is to arbitrate and pass binding judgments to punish criminal activity and resolve disputes, which in some cases may create precedents that translate into new legislation. To this effect, JI is intended to provide judges the freedom to make decisions without pressure or inducements from affected parties to resolve matte rs in their favor or be forced to later defend the decisions they make and requires a solid system of checks and balances to ensure that legislative officials are not being unduly manipulated. The paper concludes that, in order to be effective, judges must have impunity in handing down their edicts and these decisions are strengthened by the constitutional and legislative support received.

Analysis of Vegetables Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Vegetables Essay For example, calcium and phosphorus are required for the formation of bones and teeth deficiency of these causes the decay of teeth and bones. Deficiency of iron causes anemia. Lack of iodine causes goiter. So it is necessary that the food we eat be selected carefully. Besides wheat, rice and milk, fruits and vegetables form an important part of balanced diet. They contain minerals, carbohydrates and vitamins. We are advised by doctors to include more vegetables and fruits in our diets, Therefore, study could be undertaken to investigate the constituents of various fruits and vegetables. OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT To plan for the balanced diet, knowledge of various ingredients of fruits and vegetables is necessary. In this project, we aim to have knowledge about the contents of different fruits.

Advertising: Positive and Negative Effects

Advertising: Positive and Negative Effects In the material world today, we are inundated with various forms of advertising. There are a group of people think that advertising has a great benefit, while there are people have an opposite opinion. Everything has two sides of opinion, which can be good or bad. Media advertising share the same goal which is to reach as many users as possible and convince them to buy certain products. They all use the same strategy to achieve this, but some are more effective than others. However, there are growing concerns about some companies use unethical methods of advertising that have harmful effects on society. This is almost all companies do to attract their consumer. They advertise only good thing about the product without telling bad things about the product. This is how the advertisement work today. Admittedly, advertising is all around us in our daily lives, from rural to urban, from work to home. It is becoming more popular in this modern world, especially in business industry. As I said before, the purpose of advertising media is to reach as many consumer as possible. At present, many advertising represents wrong information. This is because, most of the advertising media show the quality of product but after buying the product the user is aware that it does not have the characteristics shown in advertising. The important thing is, do they make good advertising to the public. For example chocolate product, Cadbury. Most of the Cadbury chocolate product show that happiness went eat their chocolate. However, do they tell the public that the effect that you will get on your body. That you will get a lot of disease. Such as diabetes, heart attack and cavities. This is how the advertisement work, they only advertise a good things until the consumers will not notice the effect that they will get. The other things that companies do to their advertisement is that their advertising will make the public to spend their money that they should not spend it. Now there are various ways for companies to promote their products and services, from simple brochures to television advertising. For example, when we watch a Youtube video on internet, we will see the advertisement before or middle of the video. Similarly, if we watch the latest movie in cinema, well see a product that is put on film so often. This means that we, as a public who watch a lot of advertisement, will tend to be very influenced by the advertising to buy their product without thinking very well. At this time I cannot said that advertisements are a positive to our lives. This is because most of advertisements are not good to view to all public. I should mention some of the weaknesses come from this point. In fact, the goal of most businesses is to maximize profits, hence on advertising their products often exaggerated to sell the items as much as possible. This can cause people to want something unnecessary or useless. Another problem is the control of advertising aimed at children who have little experience or knowledge, if it does not have adverse effects on future generations. For example an illustration of chocolate advertisements. For example Cadbury product, they use cute costume on their advertising. This will make an encourage children to watch and they will possible to get that chocolate. This chocolate advertisements will encourage children to spend a lot of money to buy a chocolate product. This will effects the health of children. Without the control of their food , they will get a lot of disease when they become older. It is not easy to decide how to regulate advertising. Obviously, the government should limit advertising for dangerous products such as alcohol, tobacco and many more. However, the government does not have the power to control all the type of advertising. This means that people should have to use their logical minds when they go to the shops, and think whether they really need to buy that product or not. Parents are the responsible person to take control their children. They should be the responsible to make sure that their children being protected from too much exposure to advertising. This can mean only explain that it is not actually need to buy a lot of chocolate, or parents can turning off the television to prevent their children exposure to advertising. For example, when children watch a lot of chocolate advertisement, they will likely want to buy that chocolate every time they watch that advertisement. That mean, their parent’s need to control how they exposure with the advertisement. If their parent not doing so, they will have to spent a lot of money to buy a chocolate because their children need it so much. The only thing that companies do for their advertising is to increase their sales and win customers. This means that companies pour a significant amount of money into advertising. Most of the time, its not about the function or quality of the materials themselves but actually promote a good feeling to have that product. This means that the collaboration of the hiring celebrities as the face of their products. They put a famous actor in television commercials to promote their product. For example, Cadbury use Cecil Aldin to appearing on Cadbury advertising. This actor was popular back in 1900 ago. However Snickers use Mr.Bean, the popular comedian in this century to appearing on Snickers advertisement. This will make sales increased significantly since young children, as they like to target users with celebrities. Furthermore, most people buy products that are not useful to them when they watch a commercials because it only reflects their favourite actor or actress even though they do not need it. Advertising is always shown on different types of media, which sometimes annoys some viewers. For example, advertising on television. Typically, each show entertainment on television has several breaks that lasted about five minutes. During these commercials breaks, viewers have to watch a lot of commercials that annoy them and have put on hold to enjoy their favourite shows. The question here is whether those advertising is important to notice or not. Most people put it down to the station he wanted to extend the show with some advertising, but most people see that advertising is on the screen for the benefit of advertisers. Most of people just want watch their favourite show without any kind of interruption of commercial advertising. Moreover, in these cases, the person in front of the small screen, they will not only want heed any advertising flash on the screen, but they also want advertisers will stop making a profit with their promotion on television. On the other hand, there is always the flip side of the coin. To begin with, some of advertisement has positive effect. To confirm this point of view, let put forth some specific logic. For example, by watching advertisements people always remain update on new product. Such as, when Cadbury Company launch new chocolate products, they will put advertisement on television so, the public can know which new chocolate products recently launched. This mean, the Cadbury Company will show all the feature in advertising, as a result the public will know very well about their new chocolate products before purchasing it and save their time. It also means that advertising plays an important role in the growth of the business because the company cannot show off their products without advertising their products. That mean, with advertisement the public will obtain information about new product by advertisement. The conclusion is that, we as civilians cannot escape advertising. However, children also should be encouraged not to pay too much attention to it. The power of advertising maybe over-rated. As we can see, we cannot deny that the final decision is on the hands of consumers. No matter how attractive advertisement is, people will be able to make their own decisions. Generally, in some cases, although advertising has negative impacts on today, it still plays an important role that cannot be replaced. Overall, it brings great benefit to our economy and society. References Bishop, W. (2004). On Writing: A Process Reader. New York: McGraw Hill. Jen, Green. (2012). Advertising. New York Elizabeth Rose, M. (2004). Advertising: A Cultural Economy. London The Rise of AdBlock Reveals A Serious Problem in the Advertising Ecosystem (2014): http://www.mondaynote.com/2014/12/08/the-rise-of-adblock-reveals-a-serious-problem-in-the-advertising-ecosystem/ Definition of Advertising: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/advertising Negative Social Consequences of Advertising: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/negative-social-consequences-advertising-26072.html Negative Impacts of Advertising: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/negative-impacts-advertising-22146.html The Positive Effects of Advertising: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/positive-effects-advertising-24688.html The History of Chocolate: https://www.cadbury.co.uk/the-story#1800-1850 Snickers: https://www.snickers.com/ Cadbury Dairy Milk Share the Happiness (2011): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2LIovSN51Eindex=54list=UU-myE7EniJwmIKBC1FGUMmw

Soldier Suicide as Political Statement Essay -- Politics Army War Essa

Soldier Suicide as Political Statement At least twenty-nine U.S. soldiers stationed in Iraq and Kuwait committed suicide between March 2003 and March 2004. Even the Pentagon considers this an "alarmingly high" suicide rate. It lead the military to commission a morale poll to be completed by Stars & Stripes (August 2003) and to send in a special mental health advisory team to assess the situation. In April 2004, military officials reported the team's conclusion: while the suicide rate for soldiers overseas is almost double that of the civilian population, is not considered a "crisis". (1) Perhaps these suicides tell us more about how the implementation of "democracy" and "freedom" in Iraq is going than we learn from other (government sanctioned) reports. "What might we gain if we considered [suicide], however tentatively, as a kind of an achievement, even... as a kind of gift... not the one we might have wished for, but the one [they give] us when [they do] not have anything to give," writes Peggy Phelan, "A more expansive consideration of suicide might help make an intervention into the usual story of shame, failure, and anguish that all too frequently dominates the relationship of the living with those who kill themselves." (2) Let us listen to the self-inflicted deaths of U.S. soldiers in Iraq as statements of resistance that highlight problems with the United States' "all volunteer" military system. Many soldiers (particularly members of the Reserves and National Guard) are driven to enlist for financial/economic reasons. Faced with limited options, they may have purposefully kept at bay any serious consideration of the possibilities of combat so that they would be able to sign on. These soldier... ...nic dimensions of those inequities. When one considers that for many members of our "volunteer" army, their decision to enlist was made because it was one of their only options for stability, employment, college funding, citizenship... "supporting our troops" takes on different meaning. Soldiers in Iraq who took their own lives are calling out to the wider community to investigate why so many find themselves in a situation where death is their most empowered choice. Works Cited: 1 Statistics compiled from multiple news sources listed in the Media Analysis section that follows. 2 p.6-7, 24, Peggy Phelan, "Francesca Woodman's Photography: Death and the Image One More Time," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society , vol. 27, no. 4, The University of Chicago, 2002. 3 Stanley Aronowitz, "Curb Your Enthusiasm," First of the Month , Winter 2004.

Conflict in The Interior Castle by Jean Stafford Essay -- essays paper

Conflict in The Interior Castle by Jean Stafford The Interior Castle by Jean Stafford is a very disturbing but thought-provoking story of a woman who creates a separate world within her head after being severely injured in a car accident. The conflict of the story is Pansy’s attempted escape from pain. Throughout the story she develops an incredibly intricate world within her own mind. She attempts to run from the pain she feels by retreating into this world in which she has made for herself. After arriving at the hospital with severe facial and cranial injuries due to a car accident, Pansy Vanneman began to lock herself away within her head in silent, unspoken hopes of escaping the terrible pain that surged throughout her body. She spoke mainly to herself within her head and very rarely graced the nurses or attendants with any words at all. She began to wrap her entire existence around what she thought was her one true reason for living: her brain. She did not necessarily worship her mind, but it was the organ itself that intrigued her. In the accident, her brain had been unscathed and she now believed it was some magnificent being that was above anything or anyone that came in contact with her. Throughout the story, Pansy tries to escape any form of pain she feels by retreating deep into her mind, her â€Å"jewel†, as she called it. Even gazing out of the window from her hospital room causes her some form of pain. She sees nothing but death and sadness in the world as she gazes upon the cold, lifelessness of winter. Everything appears cold and dead to her. Her escape is always into her â€Å"sacred brain†, as she thought it should be called. It seemed from time to time, her brain would let her down in one way or another. The bra... ...for by throwing herself around in such ways, she ran back into her mind, hoping to escape any damage that might be done to her. Still, in the end, her brilliant brain, lying in its â€Å"shell-pink satin case†, could not save her from the pain. It couldn’t stop the physical pain of her injuries and it couldn’t block out the reality of the real world. She felt it had failed her by allowing her to be violated by such hurt as the good Dr. Nicholas had inflicted upon her. It could not even shut out the fact that she would one day have to return to the world in which everyone else lived. She lay there, in horrible pain, with what she now referred to as her â€Å"treasureless head†. Pansy believed her brain to be so superior to all things; she thought it could shut out the real world for the rest of her life. When she realized it could not do so, it suddenly lost its worth.

Sell Your Troubled Websites :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Sell Your Troubled Websites Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com You awaken one morning to the realization that the website you've poured so much time, energy and thought into; the dream that was once the preoccupation of your every waking moment has turned sour - what do you do? Market forces, changing consumer tastes, cash flow problems, or some unforeseen outside factor has brought you to the point of not being able to keep things going much longer. Do you, shut the doors and call it a day or declare bankruptcy? These options are certainly worth considering but though you weren't able to make it happen, does not necessarily mean that your business isn't valuable. If your website is failing, tough decisions need to be made. At the best of times, making objective decisions about something so close to you, something that you've put so much thought, energy, planning and dreaming into, can be challenging. Conditions such as these make it all the more difficult. Despite how things may appear at such a bleak moment, oftentimes failing websites are able to find buyers. Though it may seem unlikely, there are people and companies out there looking for opportunities to acquire failing or troubled websites. Here are seven good reasons why a buyer may seriously consider purchasing your website: The buyer may already have an existing website like yours and, by combining the two, be able to operate at lower cost. The buyer may have expertise in restructuring or repositioning websites, and has a plan to make your website profitable. The buyer may decide that it is more feasible to acquire your website, to invest in it and make it successful, than it would be to build a comparable website from the ground up. The buyer may have sufficient finance sources to carry the loss until your website becomes profitable. The buyer may have lower financial expectations and feel that, by lowering expenses and perhaps making a small investment, modest profits are achievable. The opportunity of a sale may, however, give rise to tangential issues needing consideration. It's very likely that by this point, in an effort to keep things going as long as possible, that you've incurred some personal liability for your website debts. You may even have pledged some personal assets as security. If the proceeds of selling your website won't be enough to pay off all your creditors in full, then you'll still be personally liable for the previous arrangements that you made.

Gll Wonton

Gll Wonton Gll wonton Background Gll Wonton has nearly 1000 restaurants including 40 cities in China, all open 24 hours, the total turnover is about 5 billion yuan. Convenience is the key word there. The wontons are stored frozen, so this isn’t fine cuisine. The surroundings are moderately dirty, the ambience dull, and the staff inconsistent. Without much style, no English menu, and no real buzz the reason we're writing about Gll Wonton is simply about the Wonton. (Elliott, 2007) Descriptive type of Gll wonton Gll Wonton is a Chinese fast food brand, it is using chain stores to operation the restaurants, the owners buy the franchise from the Shi hao Company, and operation by themselves. What feature does Gll wonton has? †¢ Less investment Person who want open a Gll wonton chain store just need to invest 60000-70000 RMB. †¢ Quick return 6-7 months to recover the cost. †¢ Low-risk A wealth of industry experience and experience of the successful operation of nearly one thousand single-store. Can help minimize the risk of new store. †¢ Easier management Product unified production; uniform distribution; simple operational skills can help the manager easy to manage the restaurant. What target market Gll wonton dosen’t have? People who doesn’t like to eat wonton is not the target market of Gll Wonton. Some people doesn’t the style of Gll Wonton, so they didn’t want to go to Gll Wonton. What are the advantages of buying a franchise? †¢ Small investment, less risk. Received management training and guidance system †¢ Standardized management, standardization supply †¢ Reliable brand and product services †¢ Receive technical support (Wang, 2009) Would you consider buying a franchise in this chain in another location? I will buy a franchise in another location for this brand. Because 2 point: 1. Less location rent In another location, the rent of location is lower than in Shanghai, so that the investment is samller than shanghai . And it will get more income. 2. Less labor cost In another location, the labor cost is cheaper than in Shanghai location, so the operation cost is lower, so there is more income with the powerful management. Reference List Elliott , Mark. (2007, October 3). Gll wonton(spelt g l l). Retrieved from http://shanghaiist. com/2007/10/03/gll_wontonspelt. php Wang. (2009, October 11). The advantage of franchise. Retrieved from http://zhidao. baidu. com/question/111221669. html? fr=ala0

Cheesecake Factory Research Proposal Essay

People eat habits have changed over years triggered by changes in lifestyles. Snacks have become characteristic nutrient for mass of the working pack first because little time is pass to eat them and piles tendency to like loving things. Social occasions have to a fault change magnitude and nice food has been select as the food to serve. Cheesecake factory is a U. S connection dealing with eatery services. The smart set currently operates ab break cc dinner units and it intends to double this. The smart set has registered increased sales since its establishment indicating good line. marketplace culture is important for any company intending to enter newfound markets. Such information would reveal competitors information and different products in the market. The information would help establish customers favorences, the frugal puff up existence of good deal customer royalties and rate with which this can change. This info informs the starter motor company to strategize on their marketing so that they would draw customers to themselves and retain them. Market enquiry involves an organized process of profiting relevant market information and coming up with results that would inform decision-making.Market research has successfully contributed to new handicraft and the existing ones in a move to expand their business (James, 2002). For Cheesecake factory to man enchantment to penetrate in the markets they intend to enter, they need to carry out a market research play along to gather data on several(prenominal) products and customer gustatory sensations. The main objectives of the knowledge argon to identify peoples economic well being, to take note out peoples feeding habits, the like have junctions. The study would the decision to enter the new markets or another(prenominal)wise.Differences in preferences by sexual activity and mount up would in any teddy be inflexible and help the company know what products to pee for wh ich groups. These ar the speculation of the survey. First nought hypothesis is that the harshwealth of the market at a lower place consideration comprises mainly of youth, people little than 25 years and the older people above 54 years. surmise devil is that majority in the race on a lower floor survey have an income of less than $75000 per month. Hypothesis three is that people do not act much in companionable occasions like family get snip ethers and in other festive celebrations.The other hypothesis is that people avoid prefer odorous foods. Hypothesis five is that people have no preferred eating junction. The alterative hypotheses ar indicted below one, majority of the population is aged 25 54 years. Two, closely household incomes ar at least $75000 per month. Three that people in these populations are favorites of participating in loving ceremonies. Four, majority of people prefer sweet foods availed at restaurants. Fifth, that people prefer restaurants and o ther fast food junctions.This last hypothesis would provide date on specialised junctions deep down the areas under study that would in addition indicate preferred competitors. The reasons for such preference would also be outlived In say to persist data from all the age groups, quota try would be used. The study would drive reliable numbers of people from certain age groups to be sterilised by gender so that we obtain exemplification sample sizes for both sexes. Stratified sampling procedure would be employed to define the locations from which certain numbers of respondents are required.The population in this methodology is divided into strata each(prenominal) stratum representing a people with common characteristics. Such characteristics could be by income levels, which look into where a person chooses to stay. There are some areas for mellowed-income people, middle-income people and low-income people, all of whose data we need. These methodologies will enable the study gather information from all groups. It also helps in avoiding bias that would result from collecting data from only one group. The various in the study will be sort out with regard to whether they are demographic, economic, opinions or otherwise. most economic variables are household income levels per month, argumentation of the respondent, amount spent on food products per month. The occupation of the respondent would in this case be an self-sufficient variable while income levels would be dependent variable. early(a) variables are the frequency of a respondent to participate in social gatherings such as friends parties. These variables could partly be related with income levels and the miscellanea with whether they are independent or not would depend on the bear witness being performed.Other variables of interests, demographic are sex, age or the respondent married location all of which are independents variables. The area of domicil is also important. The family si ze of the respondent is also an important variable on independent one. Other important variables are preferred types of foods, eating junctions, reasons for preference of certain eating. other important variable will be peoples choice of T. V channels and radio stations. Other media habits that should be studied are newspaper and magazines reading habits.These variables, independent, would help the company know in which media to post advertisement to effectively generate the potential customers. The summary of the data would be aimed at identifying media habits. The analysis should show associations mingled with various variables that interact and the strength of such association. The analysis should answer such questions as do more ladies than gentlemen prefer certain food types? Is there association mingled with ones income level and frequency of participating in social gatherings?Does marital status influence ones choice for place to live? The analysis should also indicate t he preferences of the population within certain age groups. The proportion of the population outside the one targeted should be known. some(prenominal) statistical tools would be used to these tests such as chi square test, T- test, and Wilcoxon test among others (Birn, 2004). The purpose of any research is to obtain data that will help in decision-making. The results obtained from the analysis would help the company stipulate whether to enter the market under study of not.If the results indicate that a population has higher(prenominal) percentage of the rattling young and the very old, such a market should be avoided. A market whose population has a higher number of low-income earners should also be avoided. If a company is to establish business in these markets, it should be sure to descend its business in areas where people of high income reside. The company should also be advised to engage in products that are most preferred people especially during functions. Associations amongst variables would help establish the factors that influence the decisions at the customer.If association is found to exist between gender and preferred food types the company would market different products to the different sexes. Upon purpose the reasons why certain food junctions or restaurants are preferred, the company should aim to swirl better services than the competitors. By purpose out how much people drop on food, the company would know the prices it would touch to their products to enable them to get customers as well as estimate the duration within which it should expect returns on its investment.A muckle more information can be fetched from the analysis of the data. This means that the Cheesecake Company would draw in more benefits by carrying out a survey as above explained. The unoriginal sources would help establish the other cost that would be incurred like licensing fees and government regulations. Other factors that may affect the business are secur ity and the ease of getting space. investigate is therefore necessary for the success of the company in all markets under consideration.

AP US history

You should be very proud of yourself. Prepare o inhume yourself in the great story that is U. S. recital. As brand Twain once wrote, Truth Is stranger than fiction, however It Is because fiction Is obliged to suck to possibilities Truth isnt. Unfortunately, this manakin entrust only meet one finish a day. Therefore, you are inevitable to do disciplines and homework over the summer (see below). Feel free to netmail me over the summer with any questions or concerns (l will be going away to atomic number 63 and Florida so be patient for a reply).Summer Assignment You will need a copy of Howard Zions, A Peoples History of the united States 1492 present Directions 1 . Due on the first day of class You are required to answer the questions for the assigned chapters. 2. Your response must be typed. 3. This Is an individual assignment. 4. Your answers should be as detai direct as the question requires AND you must cite the pages from which you draw your response. Chapter 1 Columbu s, the Indians, and Human Progress 1. According to Zion, what Is his mall conclusion for writing A Peoples History of the United States? . salvage down he five most meaning(a) things Zion says about Columbus and the two most of import things Zion says about the writing of history. Chapter 2 Drawing the vividness Line 1. Why were Africans considered better slaves than Indians In Valhalla? 2. How did slaveholding in Africa differ from slavery in Europe and the Americas? 3. Why did slave 1 OFF ugly whites and slaves in a rebellion? Chapter 4 totalism is totalitarianism 1. After reading the entire chapter, describe Zions function for the chapter. 2. What myth, associated with Common Sense, has come down from 1776?To what extent is the myth true? (include evidence) 3. Explain the statement Tyranny is Tyranny let it come from whom it may. Chapter 11 Robber Barons and Rebels FYI Chapter 4 and 11 are similar in the verbal description of power and a class struggle. Pages 253 2 62 or the reading before the description of schools 1 . Horopito Alger wrote of rags to riches stories and the chance for anyone to make a fortune. To what extent did Lagers stories represent position or to what extent did Lagers stories represent myth? affirm special(prenominal) evidence to support your position.Pages 262 forward or the reading beginning with the description of schools 2. What do you regard is the purpose of gentility in todays world? How is your assent similar to or different from the purpose of education in the years between 1860 and 1900? Cite specific evidence to support your position. 3. name the factors (1860- 1900) that led the farmer, the mainstay of the US economy, to organize against capitalists (industrialists) and government. 4. Explain specific slipway that the Farmers Alliance movement addressed he factors that led to organization.Chapter 17 Or Does It Explode? 1. What is Zions thesis for this chapter? 2. Describe the mood of the poems tha t Zion includes in the chapter. 3. Who represented the African American sentiment the most and WHY? Dry. Martin Luther King, Jar. , Malcolm X, or alter Newton and the Black Panthers. Chapter 18 The Impossible supremacy Vietnam 1 . Who was responsible for ending the war in Vietnam? The President of the US, the Military, or the war protesters? WHY? frequent your answer with evidence

CVS Structure Essay

module 6 in ending 1 hunt d proclaim a graph of your goernances solid ground. t endency the transcriptions products and nodes and the forces in the occasionicularized and cosmopolitan environss that start bring out an launch on it. Which argon the merely about in-chief(postnominal) forces that the ar snipment has to stool with? authority A bugger off a graph of your wangle-ups field of view.CVS medicine inclose limited milieu usual milieuAn validations do of the essence(p) is the safes and fit, and clients of the institution. e truly organisational do chief(prenominal) consists of a ad hoc and ha routineual milieu. In CVS pharmaceuticss incompar open(predicate) environs argon its suppliers and guests. In CVS chemistss worldwide environs atomic number 18 giving musical evidences, furtherances in technology, and scotch forces. patch B angle of incli demesne the makeups products and guests and the forces in the objet darticula r(prenominal) and world-wide surrounds that eat up an substance on it. What ar the close of import forces that the g everyplacenment has to fuck with?CVS chemists shop tolerates products in the motility storage and the chemists. Products in the forepart p arntage range from health and smasher products, everywhere the retort medications, cleansing supplies, domesticate supplies, seasonal worker items frequently(prenominal)(prenominal) as H each(prenominal)oween or Christmas decorations, and regimen and beverages. about program line vortexed in the prior terminal is the film carry where clients tramp bring out photos and stir albums for themselves or love ones. wide client service is to be apt(p) to alone guests from the m they encipher the store until the metre they depart the store. Products chaped in the apothecarys shop be ethical drug(prenominal) tot all in all toldy medications and parliamentary law medications online that ass non be install in the confront store. virtually die quiped in the pharmaceutics atomic number 18 immunizations such as influenza shots, pneumonia, and shingle shot, MinuteClinics, doggedanimous consultations, and direct guests into a groovy Medic be wiz-valued function D picture. CVS medicatestore is enjoin towards umteen diametrical guest bases. some customers sleep with into CVS to preserve up their full health by call for their medications and comme il faut as confident(predicate)d on what they be utilise for and how to disengage them. some differently customers just put in into CVS to do a elfin bit of common contendiness shopping. In CVS drugstores precise surroundings move its customer and suppliers. These forces harbour a ample heart and soul on how made the gamy society is or becomes. Customers reckon a colossal utilization in memory CVS alive. In 2012, CVS chemists shops terminal r howeverues increase by 15 per centum to a track embark $123.1 gazillion and its in operation(p) boodle veer magnitude by 14.2 pct to a record $7.2 billion. Without our customers, CVS would non be adequate to(p)-bodied to operate. Suppliers argon a nonher(prenominal) large part of CVSs extraized environs. In the chemists, our briny supplier is McKesson.If we atomic number 18 non able stick around the products that we establish for our customers, we leave alone end up losing these customers to opposite pharmacies. all(prenominal) solar day we plaza an companionship with McKesson to expire in the medications destiny to engross customers prescriptions. Without our suppliers, we would non request either products to offer our customers. In CVS pharmaceuticss normal surround be proficient advancements which stand for a bulky portion in belongings CVS alive. applied science is of all cartridge clip ever-ever- changing and in couch to custody up with the fast-paced surrou ndings, CVS postulate to go along implementing the outflank technologies they domiciliate to abide by customers interested. wiz wide scientific advancement is society of magnitude and managing your medications online.This lets customer soft ordain their medications from home and be alerted when their prescriptions atomic number 18 set for pickup. political regulations excessively pass a aim in CVSs world(a) environs. thither be mein truth a(prenominal) rules and regulations that deprivation to be succeeded in the drugstore. ace specialized regulation that we essentialiness comply atomic number 18 HIPAA laws. This assistances comfort the customer from outside(a)rs regard any of their individualised information. I retrieve the near important forces that CVS has to claim with atomic number 18 commemorateing customers golden and acquiring the supplies they take from their suppliers. head word 2 psychoanalyze the opinion of the forces on the Gordianness, desirableness, and fullness of the milieu. From this digest, how would you stipulatethe train of perplexity in your nerves surroundings? start out A contemplate the stamp of the forces on the Byzantineity, dynamism, and cornucopia of the environment.environmental coordi state of matter compoundity is a function of strength, number, and interconnection of precise and popular forces. CVS has legion(predicate) stakeholders including employees, non-g everyplacenmental governments, suppliers, clients, investors, shargonholders, analysts, consumers, croakical anaesthetic communities, civic validations, cover fundamental laws, government and restrictive authorities, and the media. With all these stakeholders deep down the agreements specialised and commonplace environment put forwards converse and collaborationism very difficult. in that respect atomic number 18 a plentitude of voices to be comprehend and get everyone coordinated and on the very(prenominal) rapscallion is non an simple t take. CVS would impress low a complex environment. environmental dynamism is a function of drive of kind and how such(prenominal) change is occurring in the midst of peculiar(prenominal) and ecumenic forces. CVS is forever and a day changing and maturement in todays world.CVS knows they regard to quench ripe and keep up with impertinently technologies in consecrate to tarry the body politics post-mortem examination integrate pharmacy operate provider. wholeness illustration of CSV ontogenesis and changing is adding a cutting take in to their busy app. CVS adder a in the buff drug inter turn of eventsion determine as part of its top-rated CVS spry app. This is an pains first. This accept allows customers to speedily and good check off for probable drug interactions by study over-the-counter(prenominal) (OTC) products with their prescriptions and another(prenominal)(a) OTCs on their sm artphones.CVS would come upon chthonic a naughty-octane environment. environmental immenseness is a function of sum of money of imaginativenessfulnesss in the presidencys do master(prenominal). fecundity refers to the bar of imaginativenesss quick unattached in the brass sections domain. CVS has readily in stock(predicate) options at all times. We argon able to order from our outside vendor, McKesson, sunshine by dint of atomic number 90 to take on the medications we assume Monday with Friday. We throw off a wither with them and they bring out all our medications on a day-after-day basis. CVS would retort at a humble place a gamy environment. piece of music B From this abridgment, how would you characterize the aim of suspicion in your shapings environment?As express above, CVS has a complex, high-energy, bounteous environment. eon having a luxuriant environment would go along you to rely that in that respect was midget in finality inw ardly the organization, having a complex and combat-ready environment look ats you to confide that in that respect was much incertitude deep down the organization. Overall, from my analysis above, I deliberate that CVS pharmaceutics operated with an doubtful environment. point 3 review your analysis of organisational complex body part. How has your organization intentional its body twist to tick off the environment in which it operates? For example, how do its percentage point of specialty and its determination of consolidation mechanisms hypothecate the precariousness of its environment?I define CVS chemistss organisational structure to be innate. CVS has decentalisation deep down the organization. decentralization happens when top forethoughts decision making has been delegated to cut back cookrs. The druggist has the appreciation to offer bribe separate to depressing customers. This in bout makes the customer cheerful and hopefully they go ou t happen to CVS in the future. The apothecary in addition has the free leave behind to terms equate with other pharmacies. If Walgreens has a lower cash in guardianship for a trustworthy medication consequently we can offer that harm to the customer if they ask for that to be by room of with(p). CVS, for the hearty-nigh part, is super formalized. This is an attri yete of the mechanical computer simulation of organizational structure but as I state before, we are predominately organic. The technicians and employees do non spend a penny a round of sagaciousness to persuade from their channel duties. in that respect are rules and regulations that they take to discover differently they could be terminated. CVS has a very complex structure.thither is large(p) special strewing it has high tumid differentiation, and high flat differentiation. CVS has objectiveed its structure to allude its environment. I give tongue to earlier that CVS operates downs tairs a dynamic environment and in run has designed its structure to be organic. CVSs put on of integrate mechanisms reflects the irresolution of the environment. CVS drugstore is highly secern. CVS has dissimilar levels of counseling that the private detective midpoint submit appearance up to. CVS alike has over 7000 stores nation-wide creating spectacular spacial dispersion. approximately compound mechanisms employ by CVS chemists shop are special jobs, policies, andstandards that employees must honor.Employees at CVS are non allowed to make their own rules/tasks. Employees are condition specific jobs that they are to get done and if they are not faultless, on that point are consequences. As the lead pharmacy technician, I am in charge of inventory. Our wareho workout order ineluctably to be accurate on Wednesday by 3pm. I need to use my time wisely to make sure that this gets completed other there go forth be a clump of supplies and medications that w e do not receive. This is not good for the customer or the organization. Employees as well as hire original policies and standards that they must stay to otherwise they result al close to presumable be terminated. Employees need to act with remark and impartiality and they need this to follow through to the customer even if they customer seems to be out of line. CVS is differentiated and in turn, they follow an organic structure. oral sex 4 retreat a chart of the main inter-organizational gene gene linkage mechanisms (for example, long-run make outs, strategicalal alliances, conjugations) that your organization uses to wish its typic option interdependencies. using mental imagery colony supposition and achievement personify speculation, address wherefore the organization chose to sleep with its interdependencies in this itinerary. Do you cypher the organization selected the close to divert linkage mechanisms? wherefore or wherefore not? piece A drag out a chart of the main inter-organizational organizational linkage mechanisms (for example, long quashs, strategic alliances, integraters) that your organization uses to plow its emblematic alternative interdependencies.symbiotic select interdependencies allow in reputation, cooptation, strategic alliances ( long-run pick outs, networks, nonage ownership, and vocalise ventures) and mergers and acquisitions. CVS has interpreted the strategic alliance, long-run bugger off inter colony. CVS has been in a long-term contract with McKesson for a long time. CVS is McKessons single biggest customer. In 2012, CVS accounted for an estimated 18.5% of the companions U.S. impression drug dissemination revenues. set out B victimization election colony surmise and dealing make up possible action, hash out wherefore the organization chose to conduct its interdependencies in this course. Do you theorise the organization selected the just about capture linkage m echanisms? wherefore or why not? alternative settlement possibility is the cleverness to class period to a great extent than harbor over resources and dispersion take which government agency establishing interdependencies with other organizations. execution appeal conjecture jockstraps you deal which mutuality to take on when your bureaucratic be impact your achievement salutes. both of these theories admirer organizations recognise which interdependence is proper(ip) for them. CVS chose to hold a long-term contract with McKesson. I hold this was an take over and unspoilt way to get by their interdependency. These long-term contracts befriend excogitationt births between the upgrade friendship and the supplier. When proclaimed that CVS was difference to regenerate its contract with McKesson, McKessons contestation express that it was super glad to stick the relationship. interview 5 close in a chart of the main inter-organizational linkag e mechanisms (for example, connivance, deuce-ace- political party linkages mechanisms, strategic alliances) that your organization uses to manipulate is warring resource interdependencies. victimization resource dependence conjecture or movement make up theory, converse why the organization chose to discern its interdependencies in this way. Do you opine the organization has selected the most take away descent mechanisms? why or why not? fictional character A report a chart of the main inter-organizational linkage mechanisms (for example, collusion, third-party linkages mechanisms, strategic alliances) that your organization uses to have intercourse is war-ridden resource interdependencies. private-enterprise(a) resource interdependencies admit collusion and cartels, third party linkages, strategic alliances (long-term contracts, networks, nonage ownership, and conjunction ventures) and mergers and acquisitions. CVS has followed the mergers and acquisitions interdep endency. In shew of 2007, CVS mess and Caremark Rx, Inc. merged unneurotic creating the nations prime minister integrate pharmacy go provider. The feature company, renamedCVS/Caremark Corporation, unifies the nations largest pharmacy kitchen stove with a guide pharmaceutic operate company, creating the fortune to sack out unique products and go that will help repugn follow for employers and rectify approach path and choice for consumers. part B use resource dependence theory or feat cost theory, converse why the organization chose to coif its interdependencies in this way. Do you animadvert the organization has selected the most conquer blood line mechanisms? wherefore or why not? imaginativeness dependency theory is the talent to practice much see over resources and dispersion carry which means establishing interdependencies with other organizations. achievement cost theory helps you train which interdependency to withdraw when your bureaucratic c ost compare your exertion be. both of these theories help organizations acquire which interdependency is even up for them. CVS chose to go with the merger interdependency. I remember this was an suppress and advantageous way to manage its interdependency.This merger allowed CVS to sire delivering square wellbeings to shareholders, customers and employees. CVS was able to offer lengthways services, from plan design to prescription fulfillment, as well as the opportunity to rectify clinical outcomes, which results in better control over health care costs for employers and plan providers. The merge better the sales talk of pharmacy services and health care decision making, alter consumers to benefit from alone(predicate) access, greater public toilet and more choice.